Abatzoglou, J.T., C.A. Kolden, J.K. Balch, and B.A. Bradley. 2016. Controls on interannual variability in lightning-caused fire activity in the western US. Environmental Research Letters 11 (4): 045005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/045005.
Article
Google Scholar
Arno, S.F., and G.E. Gruell. 1983. Fire history at the forest−grassland ecotone in southwestern Montana. Journal of Range Management 36: 332–336. https://doi.org/10.2307/3898481.
Article
Google Scholar
Arno, S.F., and K.M. Sneck. 1977. A method for determining fire history in coniferous forests in the Mountain West. US Forest Service General Technical Report INT-GTR-42. Ogden: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Google Scholar
Bailey, R.G. 1995. Description of the bioregions of the United States. Miscellaneous Publication 1391. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
Google Scholar
Barbero, R., J.T. Abatzoglou, N.K. Larkin, C.A. Kolden, and B. Stocks. 2015. Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24 (7): 892–899. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF15083.
Article
Google Scholar
Barker, R.J. 1981. Soil survey of Latah County area, Idaho. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
Google Scholar
Barrett, S.W., and S.F. Arno. 1982. Indian fires as an ecological influence in the northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry 80 (10): 647–651.
Google Scholar
Bartlein, P.J., S.W. Hostetler, S.L. Shafer, J.O. Holman, and A.M. Solomon. 2008. Temporal and spatial structure in a daily wildfire-start data set from the western United States (1986–96). International Journal of Wildland Fire 17 (1): 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07022.
Article
Google Scholar
Black, A.E., E. Strand, R.G. Wright, J.M. Scott, P. Morgan, and C. Watson. 1998. Land use history at multiple scales: implications for conservation planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 43 (1–3): 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00096-6.
Article
Google Scholar
Bond, W.J., and J.E. Keeley. 2005. Fire as a global ‘herbivore’: the ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20 (7): 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.025.
Article
Google Scholar
Bourdo, E.A. 1956. A review of the General Land Office survey and of its use in quantitative studies of former forests. Ecology 37 (4): 754–768. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933067.
Article
Google Scholar
Bowman, D.M., J.K. Balch, P. Artaxo, W.J. Bond, J.M. Carlson, M.A. Cochrane,C.M. D’Antonio, R.S. DeFries, J.C. Doyle, S.P. Harrison, and F.H. Johnston. 2009. Fire in the Earth system. Science 324 (5926): 481–484. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163886.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bowman, D.M., J. Balch, P. Artaxo, W.J. Bond, M.A. Cochrane, C.M. D’Antonio, R. DeFries, F.H. Johnston, J.E. Keeley, M.A. Krawchuk, and C.A. Kull. 2011. The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth. Journal of Biogeography 38 (12): 2223–2236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bretz, J.H., H.T.U. Smith, and G.E. Neff. 1956. Channeled scabland of Washington: new data and interpretations. Geological Society of America Bulletin 67 (8): 957–1049. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[957:CSOWND]2.0.CO;2.
Article
Google Scholar
Brown, P.M., and C.H. Sieg. 1999. Historical variability in fire at the ponderosa pine–Northern Great Plains prairie ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, South Dakota. Ecoscience 6 (4): 539–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1999.11682563.
Article
Google Scholar
Conver, J.L., D.A. Falk, S.R. Yool, and R.R. Parmenter. 2018. Modeling fire pathways in montane grassland–forest ecotones. Fire Ecology 14 (1): 17–32. https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.140117031.
Article
Google Scholar
Cook, P.S., D.R. Becker, and M. Benedum. 2018. Idaho’s family forest owners: 2016 survey results. Report 38. Moscow: University of Idaho Policy Analysis Group https://www.uidaho.edu/-/media/UIdaho-Responsive/Files/cnr/PAG/Research/PAGreport38.pdf.
Google Scholar
Cummins, K.L., M.J. Murphy, E.A. Bardo, W.L. Hiscox, R.B. Pyle, and A.E. Pifer. 1998. A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the US National Lightning Detection Network. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (D8): 9035–9044. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00153.
Article
Google Scholar
Daubenmire, R.F. 1942. An ecological study of the vegetation of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. Ecological Monographs 12 (1): 53–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1948422.
Article
Google Scholar
Daubenmire, R.F. 1970. Steppe vegetation of Washington. Technical Bulletin 62. Pullman: Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Washington State University.
Google Scholar
Donaldson, N.C. 1980. Soil survey of Whitman County, Washington. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
Google Scholar
Donovan, S.M., C. Looney, T. Hanson, Y. Sánchez de León, J. Wulfhorst, S.D. Eigenbrode, M. Jennings, J. Johnson-Maynard, and N.A. Bosque Pérez. 2009. Reconciling social and biological needs in an endangered ecosystem: the Palouse as a model for bioregional planning. Ecology and Society 14 (1): 9. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02736-140109.
Article
Google Scholar
Duffin, A.P. 2007. Plowed under: agriculture and environment in the Palouse. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Google Scholar
Fischer, A.P., T.A. Spies, T.A. Steelman, C. Moseley, B.R. Johnson, J.D. Bailey, A.A. Ager, P. Bourgeron, S. Charnley, B.M. Collins, and J.D. Kline. 2016. Wildfire risk as a socioecological pathology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14 (5): 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1283.
Article
Google Scholar
Goldberg, C.S., A. Pocewicz, M. Nielsen-Pincus, L.P. Waits, P. Morgan, J.E. Force, and L.A. Vierling. 2011. Predictions of ecological and social impacts of alternative residential development policies to inform decision making in a rural landscape. Conservation Letters 4 (6): 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00194.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Grissino-Mayer, H.D. 2001. Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. Tree-Ring Research 57: 205–221.
Google Scholar
Harvey, J.E., D. Smith, and T.T. Veblen. 2017. Mixed-severity fire history at a forest–grassland ecotone in west central British Columbia, Canada. Ecological Applications 127 (6): 1746–1760. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1563.
Article
Google Scholar
Hessburg, P.F., A.J. Larson, D.J. Churchill, R.D. Haugo, C. Miller, T.A. Spies, M.P. North, N.A. Povak, R.T. Belote, P.A. Singleton, W.L. Gaines, R.E. Keane, G.H. Aplet, S.L. Stephens, P. Morgan, P.A. Bisson, B.E. Rieman, R.B. Salter, and G.H. Reeves. 2015. Restoring fire-prone forest landscapes: seven core principles. Landscape Ecology 30 (10): 1805–1835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0218-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Heyerdahl, E.K., L.B. Brubaker, and J.K. Agee. 2001. Spatial controls of historical fire regimes: a multiscale example from the Interior West, USA. Ecology 82 (3): 660–678. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0660:SCOHFR]2.0.CO;2.
Article
Google Scholar
Heyerdahl, E.K., P. Morgan, and J.P. Riser II. 2008a. Crossdated fire histories (1650 to 1900) from ponderosa pine-dominated forests of Idaho and western Montana. US Forest Service General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-214. Fort Collins: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-214.
Book
Google Scholar
Heyerdahl, E.K., P. Morgan, and J.P. Riser. 2008b. Multi-season climate synchronized historical fires in dry forests (1650–1900), northern Rockies, USA. Ecology 89 (3): 705–716. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2047.1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hironaka, M., M.A. Fosberg, and K.E. Neiman Jr. 1991. The relationship between soils and vegetation. In Proceedings—management and productivity of western-montane forest soils. US Forest Service General Technical Report INT-280. Compiled by A. Harvey and L.F. Neuenschwander. Pages 29–31. Fort Collins: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. https://doi.org/10.2737/INT-GTR-280.
IDFG [Idaho Fish and Game]. 2015. Idaho State Wildlife Action Plan. Boise: Idaho Fish and Game https://idfg.idaho.gov/swap. Accessed 25 Nov 2018.
Google Scholar
Johnson, M.P. 1999. Estimating the pre-European settlement occurrence of ponderosa pine in Latah County, Idaho. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA.
Google Scholar
Kitzberger, T. 2012. Ecotones as complex arenas of disturbance, climate, and human impacts: the trans-Andean forest–steppe ecotone of northern Patagonia. In Ecotones between forest and grassland, ed. R.W. Myster, 59–88. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3797-0_3.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Ladwig, L.M., E.I. Damschen, and D.A. Rogers. 2018. Six years of community change in the prairie–savanna–forest mosaic of Wisconsin. Ecology and Evolution 8: 8458–8466. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4251.
Article
Google Scholar
Looney, C., and S.D. Eigenbrode. 2012. Characteristics and distribution of Palouse Prairie remnants: implications for conservation planning. Natural Areas Journal 32 (1): 75–85. https://doi.org/10.3375/043.032.0109.
Article
Google Scholar
Meinig, D.W. 1968. The great Columbia Plain: a historical geography, 1805–1910. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Merschel, A.G., E.K. Heyerdahl, T.A. Spies, and R.A. Loehman. 2018. Influence of landscape structure, topography, and forest type on spatial variation in historical fire regimes, central Oregon, USA. Landscape Ecology 33 (7): 1195–1209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0656-6.
Article
Google Scholar
Morgan, P., E.K. Heyerdahl, and C.E. Gibson. 2008. Multi-season climate synchronized widespread forest fires throughout the 20th century, Northern Rockies, USA. Ecology 89 (3): 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2049.1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morgan, P., E.K. Heyerdahl, C. Miller, and A.M. Wilson. 2014. Northern Rockies pyrogeography: an example of fire atlas utility. Fire Ecology 10 (1): 14–30. https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1001014.
Article
Google Scholar
Neiman, K.E., Jr. 1988. Soil characteristics as an aid to identifying forest habitat types in northern Idaho. US Forest Service Research Paper INT-RP-390. Ogden: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.
Google Scholar
Nielsen-Pincus, M., C.S. Goldberg, A. Pocewicz, J.E. Force, L.P. Waits, P. Morgan, and L. Vierling. 2010. Predicted effects of residential development on a northern Idaho landscape under alternative growth management and land protection policies. Landscape and Urban Planning 94 (3–4): 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.011.
Article
Google Scholar
Noss, R.F., E.T. LaRoe, and J.M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Biological Report 28. Washington, D.C.: US Department of the Interior, National Biological Service https://iucnrle.org/static/media/uploads/references/background/assessments/noss-etal-1995-endangered-ecosystems-usa-preliminary-assessment-loss-degradation-en.pdf Accessed 22 Apr 2018.
Google Scholar
Paveglio, T.B., H. Brenkert-Smith, T. Hall, and A.M. Smith. 2015. Understanding social impact from wildfires: advancing means for assessment. International Journal of Wildland Fire 24 (2): 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF14091.
Article
Google Scholar
Peterson, L. 2004. Climatic drivers of wildfire regimes in northern Idaho. In Senior thesis. Colorado Springs: The Colorado College.
Google Scholar
Pocewicz, A., M. Nielsen-Pincus, C.S. Goldberg, M.H. Johnson, P. Morgan, J.E. Force, L.P. Waits, and L. Vierling. 2008. Predicting land use change: comparison of models based on landowner surveys and historical land cover trends. Landscape Ecology 23 (2): 195–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9159-6.
Article
Google Scholar
Roberts, M.J., and R.N. Lubowski. 2007. Enduring impacts of land retirement policies: evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program. Land Economics 83 (4): 516–538. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.83.4.516.
Article
Google Scholar
Samson, F., and F. Knopf. 1994. Prairie conservation in North America. BioScience 44 (6): 418–421. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312365.
Article
Google Scholar
Short, K.C. 2017. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992–2015 [FPA_FOD_20170508]. 4th edition Fort Collins: USDA Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.4.
Syphard, A.D., V.C. Radeloff, J.E. Keeley, T.J. Hawbaker, M.K. Clayton, S.I. Stewart, and R.B. Hammer. 2007. Human influence on California fire regimes. Ecological Applications 17 (5): 1388–1402. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1128.1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tisdale, E.W. 1961. Ecologic changes in the Palouse. Northwest Science 35 (4): 134–138.
Google Scholar
Weaver, J.E. 1917. A study of the vegetation of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. University of Nebraska Studies 17 (1): 1–133. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.23662.
Article
Google Scholar
Westerling, A.L. 2016. Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 371 (1696): 20150178. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0178.
Article
Google Scholar
Whitlock, C., J. Marlon, C. Briles, A. Brunelle, C. Long, and P. Bartlein. 2008. Long-term relations among fire, fuel, and climate in the northwestern US based on lake-sediment studies. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17 (1): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07025.
Article
Google Scholar